Buffer Solution Calculator
Calculate buffer solution pH and predict changes with acid/base additions.
Calculate Buffer pH
Buffer Components
Buffer Perturbation (Optional)
About Buffer Solutions
A buffer solution maintains a relatively constant pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. It consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base (usually as a salt) or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to calculate the pH of buffer solutions.
•Features
- –Calculate initial buffer pH
- –Predict pH changes with acid/base additions
- –Account for volume and concentration changes
- –Evaluate buffer capacity
•How to Use
- 1.Enter weak acid and salt concentrations
- 2.Input the Ka value for the weak acid
- 3.Optionally add perturbation details
- 4.Click calculate to find pH values
•Key Concepts
- –Buffer Capacity: Resistance to pH change
- –Buffer Range: Effective within ±1 pH unit of pKa
- –Optimal Ratio: [A⁻]/[HA] ≈ 1 for best buffering
- –Henderson-Hasselbalch: Key equation for buffer pH
•Formulas Used
- –Henderson-Hasselbalch: pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])
- –pKa: -log(Ka)
- –Dilution: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
- –Buffer Capacity: β = 2.303C(α)(1-α)