Quantum Cryptography Calculator
Analyze encryption vulnerability to quantum attacks — Shor's algorithm, Grover's search, and qubit requirements
Encryption Algorithm
Gate Speed100 ns
1 ns (future)100 ns (current)1000 ns
Physical Error Rate0.001
10⁻⁵ (ideal)10⁻³ (current)10⁻² (noisy)
Quantum Threat Analysis: RSA-2048
⚠️ VULNERABLE — Broken by Quantum Computers
Quantum attack: Shor's Algorithm
Classical Security
112-bit
Time to break: 1.6e+16 years
Post-Quantum Security
BROKEN
Time to break: 16.5 seconds
Logical Qubits Needed
4,099
Physical Qubits (est.)
12,297,000
at 0.001 error rate
📋 Recommendation
Migrate to post-quantum algorithms (CRYSTALS-Kyber, CRYSTALS-Dilithium, SPHINCS+)
All Key Sizes Compared
| Key Size | Classical Sec. | Quantum Sec. | Logical Qubits | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1024-bit | 80-bit | BROKEN | 2,051 | 🔴 |
| 2048-bit | 112-bit | BROKEN | 4,099 | 🔴 |
| 3072-bit | 128-bit | BROKEN | 6,147 | 🔴 |
| 4096-bit | 152-bit | BROKEN | 8,195 | 🔴 |
| 8192-bit | 192-bit | BROKEN | 16,387 | 🔴 |
| 15360-bit | 256-bit | BROKEN | 30,723 | 🔴 |
About Quantum Cryptography Threats
Shor's algorithm can factor large integers and solve discrete logarithms in polynomial time on a quantum computer, completely breaking RSA and ECC encryption.
Grover's algorithm provides a quadratic speedup for brute-force search, effectively halving the security of symmetric ciphers (AES) and hash functions (SHA). AES-256 retains 128-bit quantum security.
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms like CRYSTALS-Kyber and CRYSTALS-Dilithium are designed to resist both classical and quantum attacks. NIST standardized these in 2024.